1. Superficial fascia of muscle:

a. is found between the skeletal muscles and the bones
b. provides a route for lymphatic and blood vessels as well as nerves to enter muscles***
c. stores most of the body’s proteins
d. is composed primarily of dense connective tissue
e. promotes heat loss

2. Exercise in arthritis:

a. improves circulation and increases phagocyte activity for repair
b. improves well being
c. damages the joints so should be minimised
d. promotes the acite inflammatory response (AIR) and hence increases pain
e. lubricates joints and strengthens supporting muscles***

3. Spongy bone:

a. stores yellow bone marrow***
b. stores red bone marrow
c. is located primarily in long bones
d. makes bones heavier than if they had only osteons
e. is arranged in osteons

4. Osteogenic cells:

a. are unspecialized cells
b. line the haversian canals
c. are osteoclasts that have lost their function
d. are osteoblasts turning into osteocytes
e. produce the collagen fibres***

5. The calcaneal (Achilles) tendon is formed by the fusion of the tendons of the:

a. rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis
b. erector spinae, splenius group, scalenes
c. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
d. gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris***

6. Elderly women or men with a normal bone mass measured by DXA may also be diagnosed with osteoporosis if:

a. impaired breathing
b. a low-trauma fracture occurs***
c. long term steroid use
d. bone mass is confirmed by x-ray
e. a family history of fracture

7. Movement at a joint that is similar to the opening and closing of a door is what kind of joint?

a. Plantar
b. Pivot
c. Ball and socket
d. Hinge***
e. Saddle

8. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) begins therapy with etenercept (a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-DMARD). The patient should be instructed to avoid:

a. alcohol
b. live vaccines***
c. passive motion exercises
d. grapefruit
e. high fat food

9. When initiating therapy with the drug minocycline, your patient with rheumatoid arthritis should be informed that the most common side effects are:

a. skin rash and dizziness
b. nausea and vomiting***
c. abdominal pain and diarrhoea
d. headache and mouth ulcers

10. During a maximal skeletal muscle contraction:

a. the connective tissue coverings are pulled taut and pull on bone
b. body temperature decreases
c. muscle cells shorten along the length and width of the cell***
d. skeletal muscle pass the action potential on to other cells
e. causes the H zone to widen

11. The cells expected to be most active in replacing bone matrix lost due to an injury would be:

a. osteoclasts
b. macrophages
c. fibrocytes
d. osteocytes
e. osteoblasts***

12. A neuromuscular junction (NMJ):

a. includes the synaptic end bulbs of the muscle fibre
b. includes the motor endplates of the motor neurone
c. uses adrenaline as a neurotransmitter
d. uses Na+ as a neurotransmitter
e. is the synapse of a motor neurone with a muscle fibre***

13. A muscle fibre is a muscle ______ :

a. cell***
b. contractile unit
c. sarcomere (a fibr is a repitition of sarcomeres)
d. protein

14. Myasthenia gravis is mediated by:

a. thymectomy*** (results in remission of myasthenia gravis)
b. ptosis
c. immunoglobulin
d. plasmaphoresis
e. acetyl cholinesterase (AChE)

15. The breakdown of bone matrix:

a. keeps up with osteoblast activity***
b. is conducted by osteoblasts
c. requires the deposition of mineral salts by osteocytes
d. removes minerals and proteins from the blood

16. The presence of urate crystals in joints results in:

a. ankylosing spondylitis
b. osteoarthritis
c. rheumatoid arthritis
d. gouty arthritis***
e. infection arthritis

17. Which type of fracture results in broken bones sticking out through the skin?

a. Compression
b. Compound***
c. Comminuted
d. Greenstick

18. Primary osteoporosis is associated with:

a. post menopausal bone loss***
b. premature ossification
c. endocrine disorders
d. long term steroid use
e. malnutrition

19. The aetiology of osteoporosis includes:

a. loss of bone density***
b. age or endocrine disorders
c. increasing bone porosity
d. susceptibility to fracture
e. spontaneous mutation

20. Compared to intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification:

a. allows both interstitial and appositional growth***
b. is less complex
c. requires fewer types of cells
d. requires the presence of blood vessels in order to form chondrocytes
e. results in mature bone with a very different histology

21. Pannus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly causes:

a. increasing ankylosis
b. general malaise
c. red, warm and swollen joints***
d. extra articular changes
e. Rheumat
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